Nevus
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) :
1. Is a nevus in the eye dangerous?
Most nevi are harmless, but they need to be monitored for any changes, as they have a slight risk of becoming malignant.
2. Can a nevus cause vision problems?
In most cases, nevi do not affect vision. However, if the nevus grows or affects important parts of the eye, it may cause vision changes.
3. How often should I get my nevus checked?
Regular eye exams every 6–12 months are recommended to monitor any changes in size, shape, or color of the nevus.
What is Nevus?
A nevus is a benign (non-cancerous) growth that can appear on the skin or in the eye. When it occurs in the eye, it’s often referred to as an ocular nevus. These growths resemble freckles or moles and are typically harmless. However, it’s essential to monitor them regularly as, in rare cases, they may evolve into melanoma, a form of eye cancer.
Causes of Nevus
Nevus occurs due to the overgrowth of melanocytes, the cells responsible for pigment production. The exact cause of this overgrowth is still unclear, but it may be influenced by genetic factors. Nevus can appear at birth or develop later in life. Sun exposure may also contribute to the development of skin nevi, but its connection to ocular nevi is less clear.
Types of Nevus
Nevus can appear in different forms, depending on its location in the eye. The common types of ocular nevi include:
- Conjunctival Nevus: Found on the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye.
- Choroidal Nevus: Located in the choroid, the layer under the retina. This type is more common and typically requires observation to rule out any malignant changes.
Symptoms of Nevus
Nevus in the eye usually does not cause noticeable symptoms and may be discovered during a routine eye exam. However, some patients may experience:
- A visible dark spot on the white part of the eye (in conjunctival nevus).
- Minor vision changes, such as blurriness or floaters, in the case of choroidal nevi.
- In rare cases, discomfort or irritation.
It’s important to consult an ophthalmologist if any changes in vision or eye appearance occur.
Diagnosis of Nevus
Diagnosis of a nevus is made through a comprehensive eye examination, which may include:
- Ophthalmoscopy: To examine the back of the eye.
- Ultrasound Imaging: To assess the size and structure of the nevus.
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): A detailed scan of the retina and other layers.
- Fundus Photography: For documentation and monitoring any changes over time.
These diagnostic tools help determine whether the nevus is benign or if further tests are required to assess for malignancy.
Treatment Options for Nevus
Most ocular nevi do not require treatment and only need regular monitoring. However, if a nevus shows signs of growth or suspicious changes, the following treatments may be considered:
- Observation and Monitoring: Regular check-ups to track any changes in size or shape.
- Laser Therapy: In rare cases where the nevus causes vision problems or has a potential for malignancy, laser treatment may be performed.
- Surgical Removal: This is only recommended if there’s a high risk of cancerous transformation.
Cost of Treatment and Stay in India
India is a preferred destination for affordable and quality eye care. The cost of treatment for a nevus can vary depending on the type of procedure, but in general, India offers more affordable rates compared to many other countries.
- Cost of Diagnosis and Monitoring: Approx. ₹5,000 to ₹10,000.
- Cost of Laser Therapy or Surgical Treatment: Approx. ₹20,000 to ₹50,000 depending on the complexity.